Term of osteology

     Bones and muscles word root

Terminologyof bony parts

•        Capitulum(kuh-pi-chuh-lum)small, round, articular head (e.g. the capitulum of the humerus).

•        Trochlea( trok-leya) spool-like articular process or process that act as a pulley (e.g. trochlea of the humerus). Fig 2.24

•        Condyle (kon-dail) rounded, knuckle-like articular area, usually occurring in pairs (e.g., the lateral femoral condyle).

•        Epicondyle: eminence superior to a condyle(e.g.,thelateralepicondyle of the humerus).  

•        Tubercle(too·br·kl) small raised eminence (e.g., the greater tubercle of the humerous).

•        Tuberosity(tyoo-buhro– suhtee)  large rounded elevation (e.g., the ischial tuberosity).

•        Groove:elongated depression or furrow (e.g., the radial groove of the humerus).

Head (L.caput):large, round articular end (e.g., the head of the humerus). 

Spine: thorn-like process (e.g., the spine of the scapula).

Spinous process: projecting spine-like part (e, g.the spinous process of a vertebra).

Crest:ridge of bone (e.g., theiliac crest).

Foramen (fr·ay·muhn)passage through a bone (e.g., the obturator foramen).

Fossa(fow·suh)hollow or depressed area (e.g., the infraspinous fossa of the scapula). 

•        Line: linear elevation of bone (e.g., the soleal line of the tibia).

•        Facet (fa·suht)smooth flat area, usually covered with cartilage, where a bone articulates with another bone (e.g., the supeior costal facer on the body of a vertebra for articulation with a rib).

NotchIndentation at the edge of a bone (e.g., the greater sciatic notch)

•        Trochanter (troh-kan-tuh) large blunt elevation (e.g., the greater trochanter of the femur).

•        Neck(of femus) is a flattened pyramidal process of bone, connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft

        The linea aspera (uh·speh·ruh)  is a longitudinally-oriented ridge on the posterior aspect of the femur

•        Protuberance (pruh·too·br·uhns)projection of bone (e.g., the internal) occipital protuberance).

Fig 2.30Protuberance

Malleolus(muh-lee-uh-luhs) rounded process (e.g. the lateral malleolus of the fibula). Fig 2.31

Fig 2.31Malleolus

    Terminology of Bones of Body

      Terminology of Head and neck bones

  Name of the bones of facial skeleton

    Name of bones of neurocranium

Terminology of Bones of Vertebral Column

•        Vertebra : Vertebr/o(backbone)e.g. vertebrobasilar

•        Vertebral Spine: spin/o,rachi/o, spondyl/o, spondylosis 

•        Cervical (sur·vuh·kl) cervic/oe.g.cervicalgia

•        Thoracic (thr·a·suhk) thorac/o e.g. thoracolumbar

•        Lumbar (luhm·baar) lumb/oe.g.lumbosacral

•        Sacral sacr/o e.g. sacroiliac

•        Coccyx (kaak·suhks) coccyg/o e.g. coccygeal.  Fig 2.33

•        Fig 2.33 Vertebral column

   Terminology of Bones of Thorax

•        The Thoracic vertebrae,

•        Ribs: 12 pairs in number, also known as costa, cost/o e.g. Costochondral joint.

•       The sternum. Bone of thoracic cage, also known as breast bone, stern/o e.g.  sternoclavicular joint.

•       Clavicle:2 in number, also known as collar bones.

•       Scapula bone of shoulder blade e.g. subscapular.

Terminology of Bones of upper limb:

• Humerus(hyoo·mr·uhs) bone of the upper arm,humer/o e.g. humeroulnar.
• Ulna(uhl·nuh) bone of the forearm.
• Radius(ray·dee·uhs) bone of the  forearm,radi/o. e.g. radioulnar joint.
• CarpalBones: bones of the hand, carp/o: e.g. carpophalangeal.
• Metacarpal Bones, metacarp/o e.g. metacarpophalangeal joint.
• Phalanx Bones of thefinger.

Terminology of Bones of Lower Limb

·       Femur (fee·mr) femor/o:e.g.Femorotibial joint

·       Patella(puh·teh·luh) patella/o:e.g. patellofemoral joint

·       Tibia(ti·bee·uh) bone of the legtibi/o: e.g. tibiofemoral joint

·       Fibula :bone of legfibul/o: e.g. fibula-tibial

·       Tarsals: seven in number, bones of foot 

·       Calcaneus(kal-key-nee-ahs) bone of heel, calcane/o: e.g. calcaneonavicular

·       Metatarsals: metatars/o: e.gmetatarsophalangeal joint

·       Metatarsal bones: five in number

·       Phalanges: number: 14

     Terminology of Bones of Abdominopelvic Region

·       The hip bone:

·       Ilium (i·lee·uhm) part of hip bone.ili/o e.g.  iliofemoral ligament,Iliac (i·lee·ak) : relating to the ilium.

·       Ischium(is-ki-um) part of hip bone. ischi/o: e.g. ischiofemoral

·        Pubis (pyoo·buhs) parts of hip bone. pub/o: e.g. pubofemoral

·        Sacrum (say·kruhm)bone of vertebral column. Sacr/o e.g. sacrococcygeus

·       Coccyx (kaak·suhks) : last bone of vertebral column.

Eponym of musculoskeletal system

Baker cyst – William Morrant Baker was an English physician and surgeon. He first described the condition now known as Baker’s cyst.