General anatomy of cardiovascular system

1.  Cardiovascular system: 
2. It is a transport system that carries blood and lymph to and from the tissues
   of the body

      Types of circulation – 

Systemic circulation is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Left ventricle of heart—-artery – capillary—venule – vein — right atrium of heart—right ventricle — pulmonary artery (carry deoxygenated blood )—lung — four pulmonary vein (carry oxygenated blood ) – left atrium—left ventricle

Pulmonary circulation: Pulmonary circulation is the portion of the cardiovascular system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood back to the heart.

Right ventricle — pulmonary artery (carry deoxygenated blood)—lung — four pulmonary vein (carry oxygenated blood ) – left atrium

Portal circulation: any part of the systemic circulation in which blood passage through two sets of capillary before draining to the heart;

types :

1. Arterial portal system , EX: renal portal system

Heart – artery –1^st set capillary (at renal glomeruli) –arteriole —2^nd set capillary(at capillary plexus, surrounding the proximal and distal convoluted of nephron )  –vein —heart,

2. Venous portal system : EX: hepatic portal system

Heart – artery –1^st set capillary (GIT) –vein —2^nd set capillary (liver) –vein —heart

Blood
vessels:
definition: they are close system of tubular passages which convey the blood
from the heart to the different parts of body and from body to heart

Functions of blood vessel:

1. They transport the blood for
   nutrition, respiration and excretion of the waste products of the body
2. Termo regulation     Classification of blood vessels
3. 1. Arteries: three types of artery
      
      1. large (elastic) artery,
      2. medium (muscular) sized artery,
      3. small artery
   2. Arterioles
   3. Capillaries
   4. Venules and veins                                                      SN: heart—elastic artery(aorta) —medium sized artery— small sized artery—arteriole—terminal arteriole—meta-arteriole – pre-capillary sphincter – capillary—venule –vein —heart              Generalized structure of blood vessels:

      From within outwards the artery presents three coats –

      1.     Tunica intima: is consists of –

      endothelium

      subendothelial connective tissue

      internal elastic lamina

      2.      Tunica media :it is the thickest layer in case artery

      This layer consist of —

       circumferentially arranged smooth muscle cells with

       elastic lamina  and collagen fiber

       Tunica adventitia:  it is the thickest layer in case vein,it is formed by connective tissue rich in collagen and elastic fiber