Pericardium : viva questions and answers
Q. 1. Define pericardium.
Ans: it is a conical fibro-serous sac which
contains the heart and the roots of great vessels.
Q.2. Mention the parts of pericardium.
Ans: a) fibrous pericardium
b) serous pericardium : i) parietal pericardium ii) visceral pericardium
Q.3. mention the attachment of fibrous pericardium
Ans: The fibrous pericardium is a conical-shaped sac.
Its apex is
fused with the roots of the great vessels and
base is
fused with central tendon & a small left muscular part of the diaphragm.
Q. 4. What is the other name of visceral pericardium?
Ans: Epicardium
Q.5. Mention the arterial supply of pericardium.
Fibrous and parietal pericardium are supplied by
● Pericardio-phrenic artery branch of internal thoracic a ,
● bronchial & esophageal branch of descending thoracic aorta and
● branches from inferior phrenic artery
Visceral pericardium is supplied by coronary arteries
Q.6. Mention the venous drainage of pericardium.
● Fibrous and parietal
pericardium are drained by azygous veins and internal thoracic veins.
● Visceral pericardium is
drain by coronary sinus.
Q. 7. Mention the nerve supply of pericardium.
The fibrous pericardium and the parietal part of the pericardium are pain sensitive
and supplied by the phrenic nerve (root value: Cervical 3-5).
The
visceral pericardium is insensitive; and is
supplied by vagus and sympathetic nerves via coronary plexus.
Therefore,
the pain from the pericardium originates in the parietal layer only and is
transmitted by the phrenic nerve.
Q.
8. What is the function of pericardium?
It protects the heart,
prevents over distension and friction during heart contractions
Q.
9. Show the transverse sinus. Tell its boundaries.
Ans.
Boundaries:
In
front– ascending aorta and
pulmonary trunk enclosed in a single layer of serous pericardium.
Behind – Intra pericardial part of superior vena cava
and upper portion of atrium and their auricles.
Q.10.
Importance of transverse sinus.
Ans. During cardiac surgery, the transverse pericardial
sinus allows a surgeon to isolate the pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta
and apply a temporary ligature or clamp.
Q.11.
Show oblique sinus. Mention its boundaries.
Ans. It is a cul-de-sac behind the
left atrium.
Boundaries
In front – Left atrium.
Behind -Parietal layer of serous
peri cardium.
Right side – Right pair of pulmonary
vein and inferior vena cava.
Left side – Lest pair of
pulmonaryveins.
Q.
12. Tell the importance of oblique sinus.
Ans. 1. It gives space to expose the heart during atrial diastole.
2. It permits pulsation of
the left atrium and hence known as cardiac bursa.
Q.13.
Tell the contents of pericardium.
Ans. a)
Heart with caridc vessels & nerves
b) Ascending aorta
c) Pulmonary trunk
d) Terminal part of IVC
e) Terminal part of pulmonary veins
Q.14.
What is pericardial effusion?
Ans. Collection of fluid in the pericardial
cavity is called pericardial effusion.
Q.112. Development of
pericardium.
Ans. a) Fibrous pericardium – From septum transversum.
b) Parietal layer · From
somato pleuric layer of lateral plate mesoderm.
c) Visceral layer – From
splanchno pleuric layer of lateral plate mesoderm.
Q.15.
Why the pericardium is closely attached to central tendon of diaphragm?
Ans. The pericardium
and central tendon of diaphragm both are developed from septum transversum. So
they are closely attached.
Q.16. Transverse sinus – what it indicates developmentally?
Transverse sinus is developed by the
degeneration of the central cells of the dorsal mesocardium.
Q.17 How the pericardium is
connected with sternum?
Ans. Weak sterno-pericardial
ligaments connect the anterior aspect of the fibrous pericardium to the sternum.
Q.
19. Oblique sinus: how it is developed?
Develops due to the absorption of
pulmonary veins into the left atrium.
Q. 20 How to look pericardium in CT scan
Ans : in CT scan image it is look
like a thin line (arrow head) around the heart
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